مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 149، فروردین 1398)

 In today's societies, a high percentage of people are dissatisfied with the physical appearance that such physical dissatisfaction provides tendencies for many psychological problems.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between body image and self-concept with happiness among women seeking cosmetic surgery in Tehran.
Methods The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all female applicants for cosmetic surgery referred to the medical centers (15 khordad plastic surgery hospital, and Fatima plastic surgery hospital) in Tehran in 2016. 100 of them were selected through purposive sampling. For collecting the data,, the self-body multidimensional relationship questionnaire (Cache, Winstead and Janda, 1987), self-concept questionnaire (SCQ) (Rogers, 1961) and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (Argyle, 1989) were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis using SPSS (ver. 16) software. The findings showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between physical image and happiness. Therefore, there was a positive and significant relationship between happiness and physical image components such as appearance assessment, fit assessment, tendency to fit and body satisfaction, But there was not a significant relationship between happiness, subjective weight and apparent tendency .There was also a negative and significant relationship between self-concept and happiness. Body image and self-concept significantly predicted happiness. Therefore, it can be concluded that body image and self-concept play a significant role in the happiness of women who apply for cosmetic surgery.

Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Considering the antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of chlorogenic acid, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of this substance in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. In this experimental study, Wisar male rats (n = 32) were divided into 4 groups: sham, chlorogenic acid-treated sham, lesion and chlorogenic-acid-treated lesion. The experimental model of Parkinson's disease was made by injecting 12.5 microgram of 6-hydroxydopamine dissolved in a saline-ascorbate solution into the left side of neostriatum. The chlorogenic acid-treated sham and the chlorogenic-acid-treated lesion groups received 10 mg/kg of the drug intraperitoneally daily during a week before stereotaxic surgery and the last injection was given one hour before stereotaxic surgery. In the second week after surgery, the rotational behavior induced by apomorphine injection within one hour and the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta was examined and counted. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-host tests were used in Sigmaplot 12. Chlorogenic acid-pretreated lesion group showed significantly lower rotations versus lesion group (p<0.01). In addition, chlorogenic acid-treated lesion group had a higher number of dopaminergic neurons relative to lesion group (p<0.05). Pretreatment with chlorogenic acid reduces motor asymmetry in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease and has also protective effect on nigral dopaminergic neurons.

 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NFALD) is a disease associated with metabolic syndrome and lifestyle. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of circuit resistance training course on interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels, 70 kDa thermal shock protein (HSP70), insulin resistance and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST). In this clinical trial study, 30 males with NFALD were selected through targeted sampling and were randomly assigned to one of two groups of practice and control intervention. The training program included 12 weeks of resistive training and 3 training sessions per week, which was performed as periodic circuit resistance training. Before eating breakfast, blood sampling was done one day before the start of training and 3 days after the last training session. For statistical analysis, paired t-test was used to compare intra-group data. Independent t-test was used for comparison between groups. Data were used via the SPSS v 22 software. The significance was defined as P≤0.05. After the training course, compared to the control group a significant decrease was observed in weight (P = 0.008), BMI (P = 0.006), body fat percentage (P <0.001), insulin resistance (P <0.001), HSP70 (P <0.001), IL-17 (P <0.001), serum levels of ALT (P <0.001) and AST (P <0.001) enzymes. Regarding the results of this study, circuit resistance training has an effective role in improving the liver function in NFALD patients by reducing insulin resistance and levels of inflammatory cytokines, this method of resistance training can be useful in the treatment of these patients.

 Nowadays, hyperlipidemia and fatty liver disease are one of the urbanity disorders. Medicinal plants regarding benefit effects traditionally had special role in health of society. So, this study was done to evaluate the effect of Berberis integerrima extract on hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver disease improvement. This interventional clinical study was done on 188 patients with hypertriglyceridemia (108 male, 80 female) with the age range of 20-70 years and 21 patients with fatty liver disorder. The patients had received 200-250 ml Berberis integerrima extract before sleep for 45- 60 days without any changes in diet regime, exercise activity and administration of anti-hyperlipidemic drugs. After 60 days, triglyceride levels through experiment and fatty liver grade via sonography were evaluated. SPSS statistical software (ver.16) and statistical tests of t-test and Wilcoxon were used for the result analysis and (P < 0/05) were considered significant.
Results Blood Triglyceride levels were 292±34 and 200±31 mg.dl-1 before and after Berberis integerrima extract administration in males; whereas the levels were 258±31 and 175±30 mg.dl-1 before and after Berberis integerrima extract administration in females, which showed significant decrease in both gender (p=0.05). From 21 patients with fatty liver disease after Berberis integerrima extract administration, 6 cases with fatty liver grade II were shown grade I and 15 cases with fatty liver grade I were shown normal grade ( P=0.01 ). Regarding the obtained results, Berberis integerrima extract caused significant decrease in hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver disorder.

Dexamethasone is used in inflammatory disease, leukemia and nausea, which increases the oxygen free radicals in the testis as a consequence. The aim of this study was to study the protective effect of Quercetin as a plant flavonoid and strong antioxidant on testis histological changes and Spermatogenesis indexes in adult mice following treatment with Dexamethasone. 24 adult male mice (NMRI) were divided into 4 groups (n=6): control, Dexamethasone (7mg/kg/day), Quercetin (50mg/kg/day) and Dexamethasone + Quercetin. 7 days after intra peritoneal treatment, the right testis were removed, fixed, sectioned, processed and stained with Heidenhain’s Azan method, testis histological changes and spermatogenesis indexes were studied by stereological techniques. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the means were considered significantly different (P<0.05). A significant decrease was considered in the mean volume and diameter of the seminiferous tubules, germinal epithelium height, spermatogenesis indexes, the number of spermatocytes, long spermatids, round spermatid and Leydig cells, and also a significant increase in the volume of interstitial tissue were found in the Dexamethasone group compared to the control (P<0.001). The mentioned parameters in the Dexamethasone + Quercetin group were compensated to the control level (P>0.05). Our results indicated that Quercetin as a strong antioxidant can reduce the destructive effects of dexamethasone on the histology of testis tissue and Spermatogenesis indexes in mice. Therefore, Quercetin is suggested as a therapeutic supplement in regimens containing Dexamethasone

Parent-child interactive therapy is considered as an emerging approach to reduce child behavioral problems, which relies on improving parent-child relationship. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent-child interactive group therapy on the improvement of affective index in children with methadone-treated parents. In a clinical trial in the form of a semi-experimental study during the period from June to November 2015, among families who were referred to Bijan Center for Substance Abuse Treatment in Tehran who had children of preschool age, 40 children were chosen after screening based on the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) and the child behavior checklist (CBCL), they were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The treatment program was presented to the experimental group for 8 sessions per week. The validity of urines samples was investigated by immunochromatography. Adherence to treatment in the form of urine test was considered as the primary outcomes and affective index was considered as secondary outcomes. Data were analyzed using chi square and multivariate analysis of covariance. The primary outcomes showed that the frequency of positive urine tests was not significant during the treatment process (p = 0.88). Secondary outcomes showed that interactive treatment in the experimental group was associated with an increase in positive mood (p = 0.44) and a decrease in negative mood in comparison with the control group (p = 0.48). The findings of this study indicate the importance of parent-child interactive styles in the prevention and treatment of psychological disorders during the development periods, and it can be considered in designing appropriate interventions.

 Nanotechnology introduced new methods to chemotherapy drugs delivery into cancer cells to reduce the side effect of drugs it increases the quality of cancer treatment and reduces the side effects of chemotherapy. . In this study, different lipid formulations of nucliposomes containing curcumin was prepared by thin-layer method and evaluated for chemical-physical evaluation on MCF-7 cell line. This study was a descriptive-analytic. Various formulations of liposomes prepared from Span 60, SPC and cholesterol. Curcumin was loaded in the liposomes. Final liposome formulation selected and PEGylated. The Optimal formulation characterized by DLS, FT-IRT, Fe-SEM and SEM. Statistical analysis was performed with Prism6 software. The average size of liposomes, encapsulation efficacy of liposomal loaded curcumin and Zeta potential was about 63.9 nm, -41mV and %95.58, respectively. Liposomes exhibited the slowest release rate in normal and turmeric cell culture condition. To compare the function of free curcumin in similar concentrations, liposomal curcumin formulation was %63 toxic to MCF7 Cell line. The present study shows that an optimally optimized nanoliposome with curcumin having appropriate physicochemical properties, improving drug toxicity in cancerous cell lines and increasing drug stability can be a good vector for drug delivery to breast cancer cells. The present study shows that an optimally optimized nanoliposome with curcumin having appropriate physicochemical properties, improving drug toxicity in cancerous cell lines and increasing drug stability can be a good vector for drug delivery to breast cancer cells.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of twelve weeks of combined exercise with two patterns (aerobic-resistance and resistance-aerobic) on GLP-1 and insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes. In this practical and semi-experimental study, 42 women with type 2 diabetes were divided into three groups: aerobic-resistance group (n=15), resistance-aerobic group (n=15) and control group (n=15). Then, they were practiced three sessions a week for 12 weeks. The exercise protocol for both groups was the same and the only difference was in the sequence of exercises. The aerobic exercise protocol was 10×1 minutes active with one minute active rest between the sets with using a treadmill. Resistance exercises included movements such as leg press, bench press, seated leg extension, lat pulldown, and lying leg curl, seated shoulder press, which included the main muscles of the lower trunk and upper trunk and was done by the machine. Blood samples were prepared in the pre-test and 48 hours after the last exercise session in the post-test. The data were analyzed through SPSS version.16 (Inc., Chicago, IL); the results of analysis of variance and dependent t-Student were analyzed at the significance level (P<0.05). The values of GLP-1 increased and insulin resistance significantly decreased in the training groups compared to the control group (P≤0.05), however, there was no statistically significant difference between the aerobic-resistance and resistance-aerobic training group (P>0.05).
Conclusion The results of this research show that combined exercises with increased levels of GLP-1 play an important role in the improving the status of insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes. However, more research is needed about different patterns of combined exercises.